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Rotator cuff injury – sprain or strain – is a common source of pain and functional disability. Symptoms can vary from occasional mild shoulder pain with full motion to constant and severe pain with complete loss of function. The rotator cuff can also be subject to tears. The tears themselves are mostly anterior, because this is the weakest point of their tendonous attachments. Treatment varies depending on the degree of the tear. It can range from medication and rest to surgical repair and immobilization by means of a brace or sling.

Bursitis the most common cause of pain the shoulder. It is an inflammation that affects the small fluid-filled sacs – bursa – that cushion the bones and soft tissues around the shoulder joint. Bursitis often occurs near joints that perform frequent repetitive motion. Symptoms of shoulder bursitis include pain that accompanies certain movements, pain that interferes with sleep, and shooting pains that extend down the outer edge of the arm. Treatment for shoulder bursitis typically involves anti-inflammatory drugs, application of ice treatment, and resting and immobilization of joint with use of an arm sling or immobilizer.

While an arthroscopic surgical repair to the shoulder can usually be accomplished with minimal invasion, there will be an extensive recovery period that can last for many months. The first phase can potentially last up to six weeks following surgery. Frequent application of ice will help reduce swelling. The use of an arm sling will also help with the healing process. Physical therapy might also be indicated. The second phase of recovery will last from six to twelve weeks where a limited range of arm movements will be allowed. The final phase will last from 3 to 6 months during which light but effective exercises are performed to strengthen the muscles in the arm. During this entire process an arm sling or shoulder immobilizer may be used to provide support and comfort.